B1Pronouns

Les pronoms relatifs dont et où

The relative pronouns dont and où

One word for everything with de - and one for place and time.

When qui and que are not enough

Many French verbs take de: parler de, avoir besoin de, se souvenir de. For these cases there is dont. When the clause points at a place or a moment in time, you use où.

Both pronouns at work

C'est le film dont tout le monde parle.

That's the film everyone is talking about.

Voici la maison où j'ai grandi.

This is the house where I grew up.

dont after verbs with de

Say the relative clause as a sentence of its own: if a de appears there, you need dont. dont already contains the de, which must not appear again: le film dont je parle, never le film dont je parle de. English leaves about dangling at the end; French cannot.

de + noun becomes dont

Je parle de ce film.→le filmdontje parle

Common verbs and expressions with de

ExpressionEnglishIn a relative clause
parler deto talk aboutle sujet dont nous parlons
avoir besoin deto needles outils dont j'ai besoin
avoir envie deto feel like, to wantle gâteau dont j'ai envie
se souvenir deto rememberla soirée dont je me souviens
s'occuper deto take care ofle dossier dont il s'occupe
être fier deto be proud ofle travail dont elle est fière

All of these lead to dont

The choice depends on the preposition the French verb takes, not the English one. avoir besoin de takes de, so it is dont, even though English need takes no preposition at all.

dont in sentences

Le livre dont je t'ai parlé est enfin sorti.

The book I told you about has finally come out.

Voici la liste des choses dont nous avons besoin.

Here is the list of things we need.

Le poste dont j'ai envie est à Lyon.

The job I want is in Lyon.

With no noun in front you need ce again: ce dont covers English what … about and what … of.

ce dont

Je ne comprends pas ce dont tu parles.

I don't understand what you're talking about.

Montre-moi ce dont tu as besoin.

Show me what you need.

dont for possession

Where English says whose, French also uses dont: le mari de cette femme → la femme dont le mari … The possessed thing takes an article (usually le, la, les), never son, sa, ses: la femme dont le mari est médecin, never la femme dont son mari.

Possession in a relative clause

C'est un auteur dont les romans se vendent très bien.

He's an author whose novels sell very well.

Le voisin dont le chien aboie la nuit a déménagé.

The neighbour whose dog barks at night has moved away.

C'est une ville dont j'ai oublié le nom.

It's a town whose name I've forgotten.

The possessed thing can be the subject (dont les romans se vendent) or the object (dont j'ai oublié le nom). If it is the object, it stays after the verb: not la ville dont le nom j'ai oublié, the English order.

où - place and time

où refers to a noun of place or time and replaces a whole prepositional phrase (dans la ville, à ce moment). English uses where, in which, when or nothing at all.

où for place

Le village où nous passons nos vacances est minuscule.

The village where we spend our holidays is tiny.

C'est le café où je travaille le matin.

That's the café where I work in the morning.

Le pays d'où elle vient est très montagneux.

The country she comes from is very mountainous.

After a time noun such as le jour, le moment, l'année it is also où, not quand. English the day when, or the bare the day I met her, becomes le jour où.

où for time

Le jour où tu es né, il faisait très chaud.

The day you were born, it was very hot.

L'année où nous avons déménagé a été difficile.

The year we moved was difficult.

Au moment où je suis sorti, il a commencé à pleuvoir.

The moment I went out, it started to rain.

que, dont or où?

Say the relative clause as a sentence of its own and see what the antecedent needs there.

Same noun, three connections

que - direct object

The verb needs no preposition: je vois la ville.

la ville que je vois de ma fenêtre

the city I can see from my window

dont - complement with de

The verb needs de: je parle de la ville.

la ville dont je parle souvent

the city I often talk about

où - place or time

The noun is the setting: j'habite dans la ville.

la ville où j'habite depuis dix ans

the city where I've lived for ten years

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