B2Adjectives

L'adjectif qui change de sens selon sa place

Adjectives with two meanings

un grand homme or un homme grand - a great man or simply a tall one.

When position carries the meaning

Most French adjectives come after the noun. A small but very common group can also come before it, and then the meaning changes: mon ancien appartement is my former flat, un appartement ancien an old flat in an old building. English tells these apart with two different words (former, antique) and always puts the adjective first; French uses the same word and lets the position decide.

Hear the difference

Victor Hugo était un grand homme.

Victor Hugo was a great man (an important figure).

Mon voisin est un homme grand.

My neighbour is a tall man.

The most important pairs

Two positions, two meanings

AdjectiveBefore the nounAfter the noun
ancienmon ancien patron – my former bossun meuble ancien – an antique piece of furniture
proprema propre voiture – my own carune voiture propre – a clean car
chermon cher ami – my dear friendun restaurant cher – an expensive restaurant
grandun grand homme – a great manun homme grand – a tall man
seulune seule femme – just one womanune femme seule – a woman on her own
certainun certain charme – a certain charmun fait certain – a sure fact
pauvrece pauvre garçon – this poor boy (to be pitied)un pays pauvre – a poor country (without money)
mêmele même jour – the same dayle jour même – that very day
simpleun simple employé – a mere employeeune question simple – a simple question
vraiun vrai problème – a real problemune histoire vraie – a true story
drôleune drôle de question – a strange questionune histoire drôle – a funny story

before the noun - after the noun

With things, grand before the noun simply means big: une grande maison, un grand jardin. The difference in meaning shows mainly with people.

Before the noun, drôle takes the form drôle de + noun: un drôle de type, une drôle d'idée.

dernier and prochain in time expressions

After the noun, dernier and prochain count from today: la semaine dernière, le mois prochain. Before the noun, they count within a series: la dernière semaine du stage, le prochain arrêt.

Time expressions in a sentence

Je l'ai vu la semaine dernière.

I saw him last week.

La dernière semaine du stage était la plus intense.

The last week of the internship was the most intense.

Nous partons en vacances le mois prochain.

We are going on holiday next month.

On descend au prochain arrêt.

We get off at the next stop.

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