A1Sentence structure

Negation: nicht and kein

English negates with *not* and a helper verb. German makes you choose between nicht and kein, and then place it.

Two words for one English *not*

English adds not and, if there is no helper verb yet, invents one: I work becomes I do not work. German has no do: the verb stays as it is. But there are two negation words, nicht and kein, and you have to pick one.

The two words side by side

Ich arbeite nicht.

I don't work. / I'm not working.

Ich habe kein Auto.

I don't have a car.

Sie kommt heute nicht.

She isn't coming today.

kein: negating a noun

kein is ein with a k in front, with the same endings. The only addition is a plural: keine Kinder. English needs any here (I don't have any children); German needs no extra word.

The forms of kein

NounNominativ (subject)Akkusativ (object)
der Hundkeinkeinen
die Zeitkeinekeine
das Autokeinkein
die Kinderkeinekeine

Only the masculine changes in the Akkusativ.

kein in real sentences

Wir haben keinen Hund.

We don't have a dog.

Ich habe keine Zeit.

I don't have time.

Er ist kein Lehrer.

He isn't a teacher.

Er ist Lehrer has no article, so the negation is kein

Das ist kein Problem.

That's not a problem.

Where nicht goes

English puts not right after the helper verb. German puts nicht later in the sentence.

nicht in its two places

Ich arbeite heute nicht.

I'm not working today.

Ich kenne den Mann nicht.

I don't know the man.

Ich bin nicht müde.

I'm not tired.

Wir gehen nicht ins Kino.

We're not going to the cinema.

Everyday phrases

Keine Ahnung.

No idea.

Ich weiß nicht.

I don't know.

Noch nicht.

Not yet.

Ich verstehe dich nicht.

I don't understand you.

Ich habe keine Lust.

I don't feel like it.

Nicht schlecht!

Not bad!

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