A1Vocabulary

Numbers and Time

German counts backwards through two-digit numbers and points its clock forwards to the next hour — two habits English does not share.

Numbers from 0 to 19

Prices, platform numbers, ages, phone numbers, opening hours: you need numbers before you can say anything else. 0 to 12 are separate words, so learn them by heart. From 13 to 19 German works like English: digit + -zehn (ten), so vierzehn is fourteen.

0 to 12

null

0

eins

1

zwei

2

drei

3

vier

4

fünf

5

sechs

6

sieben

7

acht

8

neun

9

zehn

10

elf

11

zwölf

12

13 to 19

dreizehn

13

vierzehn

14

fünfzehn

15

sechzehn

16

sechs loses its s

siebzehn

17

sieben loses its -en

achtzehn

18

neunzehn

19

20 to 99: units first

From 21 on, German says the units first, then und, then the tens, all in one word. 21 is einundzwanzig, literally one-and-twenty. English used to do this too (four and twenty blackbirds).

The tens

NumberGermanWatch out
20zwanzigzwan-, not zwei-
30dreißig-ßig, not -zig
40vierzig–
50fünfzig–
60sechzigno s
70siebzigno -en
80achtzig–
90neunzig–
100(ein)hundert–

The tens end in -zig. Only 30 breaks the pattern; 60 and 70 lose part of the digit.

How 47 is built

sieben+und+vierzig=siebenundvierzig

One small change: eins becomes ein inside a number, so 21 is einundzwanzig, not einsundzwanzig.

Two-digit numbers in use

einundzwanzig

21 (one-and-twenty)

achtundsechzig

68 (eight-and-sixty)

Ich bin dreiunddreißig Jahre alt.

I am thirty-three years old.

Das macht neunzehn Euro achtzig.

That comes to 19.80 euros.

euros first, then cents, no word for the comma

Telling the time

Ask Wie spät ist es? or Wie viel Uhr ist es? and answer Es ist + the time. Uhr is the o'clock of German. Germans use two systems: the 24-hour clock for timetables and appointments, and the everyday way with nach, vor, Viertel and halb.

Asking and answering

A

Wie spät ist es?

What time is it?

B

Es ist drei Uhr.

It's three o'clock.

A

Wann fährt der Zug?

When does the train leave?

B

Um sechzehn Uhr zwanzig.

At 16:20.

timetables and announcements use the 24-hour clock

One hour, two ways

ClockEveryday24-hour clock
8:00acht (Uhr)acht Uhr
8:10zehn nach achtacht Uhr zehn
8:15Viertel nach achtacht Uhr fünfzehn
8:30halb neunacht Uhr dreißig
8:45Viertel vor neunacht Uhr fünfundvierzig
8:50zehn vor neunacht Uhr fünfzig

24-hour clock: hour + Uhr + minutes. Everyday: nach, vor, Viertel, halb.

Practise it in conversation.

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