B2Sentence structure

Il passivo con andare

The passive of obligation — va fatto

Two words instead of four — va fatto says the same as deve essere fatto, only shorter.

A passive that gives an order at the same time

A form says Il modulo va compilato in stampatello. Word for word that is the form goes filled in, which is nonsense in English. What it means: the form has to be filled in in block capitals. This is andare plus participle: the construction makes the sentence passive and adds the meaning must. There is no modal verb anywhere in the sentence.

Four sentences, four obligations

Il lavoro va fatto entro venerdì.

The work has to be done by Friday.

La lettera va spedita oggi.

The letter must be sent today.

I documenti vanno firmati da entrambe le parti.

The documents have to be signed by both parties.

Le verdure vanno lavate bene prima di cuocerle.

The vegetables need to be washed well before cooking them.

The forms

The most common forms are va and vanno. A few other simple tenses exist, each with its own nuance.

consegnare — to hand in

TenseandareExample
Presenteva, vannoI compiti vanno consegnati lunedì.
Imperfettoandava, andavanoIl compito andava consegnato ieri.
Futuro sempliceandrà, andrannoLa domanda andrà presentata a marzo.
Condizionale presenteandrebbe, andrebberoIl testo andrebbe riletto con calma.

The usual forms

The imperfect often says that something should have happened but did not. The conditional turns the instruction into advice.

Questa mail andava letta prima della riunione.

This email should have been read before the meeting.

Questo paragrafo andrebbe accorciato.

This paragraph ought to be shortened.

There are no compound tenses with this meaning: not Il lavoro è andato fatto, but Il lavoro doveva essere fatto.

Where you read it

andare plus participle is the language of forms, recipes, house rules and work instructions: it says what has to be done without saying who has to do it.

La domanda va presentata entro il 30 aprile.

The application must be submitted by 30 April.

Forms and offices

L'impasto va lasciato riposare mezz'ora.

The dough has to rest for half an hour.

Recipes

I rifiuti vanno differenziati.

Waste must be sorted.

House rules

Il preventivo va rivisto prima di inviarlo.

The quote needs to be revised before it is sent.

Work

The same obligation, three tones

  • La bolletta va pagata entro il 15. Short and matter-of-fact, up to official.

  • La bolletta deve essere pagata entro il 15. Same content, but longer and more formal.

  • La bolletta si deve pagare entro il 15. More everyday.

The second meaning: something gets lost

With a few verbs of loss and destruction, andare plus participle does not express obligation but “gets lost” or “is destroyed”. Here compound tenses are possible too.

The most common phrases

VerbPhraseMeaning
perdereè andato perso, è andato perdutogot lost
distruggereè andato distruttowas destroyed
sprecareè andato sprecatowas wasted
smarrireè andato smarritowent missing

A small, closed group — learn them as set phrases.

Loss in a sentence

Il mio bagaglio è andato perso a Fiumicino.

My luggage got lost at Fiumicino.

Metà dell'archivio è andata distrutta nell'incendio.

Half of the archive was destroyed in the fire.

Tutto il lavoro di un anno è andato sprecato.

A whole year of work went to waste.

Practise it in conversation.

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