A2Verbs

Accord du participe avec être

Past participle agreement with être

With the auxiliary être, the past participle changes its ending to match the subject — masculine or feminine, singular or plural.

The participle agrees with the subject

Verbs like aller, partir or arriver form the passé composé with être. The participle then behaves like an adjective: it agrees with the subject, which English never does (she went, they went).

Four forms of allé

SubjectEndingExample
masculine singularnoneIl est allé.
feminine singular-eElle est allée.
masculine plural-sIls sont allés.
feminine plural-esElles sont allées.

The endings -e, -s and -es are silent, so allé, allée, allés and allées all sound the same. You only see the agreement in the spelling.

Marie est arrivée à huit heures.

Marie arrived at eight o'clock.

Les filles sont restées à la maison.

The girls stayed at home.

Mes amis sont venus ensemble.

My friends came together.

Who decides the ending?

With je, tu, nous and vous, the ending depends on who is meant. A woman says je suis partie, a man says je suis parti.

partir (to leave) in the passé composé

Personmalefemale
jeje suis partije suis partie
tutu es partitu es partie
il / elleil est partielle est partie
nousnous sommes partisnous sommes parties
vousvous êtes parti / partisvous êtes partie / parties
ils / ellesils sont partiselles sont parties

vous means one person (formal you) or several. For one person there is no -s: vous êtes partie to one woman, vous êtes parties to several women.

In a mixed group the masculine wins: one man is enough for -s, not -es. On meaning we usually agrees with the people it stands for, too.

Je suis partie très tôt.

I (a woman) left very early.

Pierre et Marie sont allés au cinéma.

Pierre and Marie went to the cinema.

On est allés au restaurant.

We went to the restaurant.

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