A2Sentence structure

Négation + partitif → de

Negation with the Partitive

Je ne mange pas de pain: after a negation the article shrinks to a single de.

In a negative sentence everything becomes de

When you negate an amount, there is no some any more, and the partitive article drops out. du, de la, de l' and des all become a single de, or d' before a vowel or silent h. Un and une become de too. Think of pas de as no or not any.

Affirmative and negative

AffirmativeNegative
du painne … pas de pain
de la viandene … pas de viande
de l'eaune … pas d'eau
des fruitsne … pas de fruits
un frèrene … pas de frère

Tu ne bois pas de bière.

You don't drink beer.

Je ne veux pas de sucre.

I don't want any sugar.

Elle n'a pas d'argent.

She has no money.

Nous n'avons pas d'enfants.

We don't have any children.

Also with plus and jamais

The rule holds for every negation with ne, including ne … plus (no more, no longer) and ne … jamais (never).

Je n'ai plus de pain.

I have no bread left.

Je ne bois jamais de vin.

I never drink wine.

Elle n'a plus d'argent.

She has no money left.

Where the article stays

In two cases the article does not change.

After être

With être you say what something is not. You are not negating an amount, so the article stays.

Ce n'est pas du vin.

This is not wine.

Ce n'est pas de la soupe.

This is not soup.

Ce n'est pas un livre.

This is not a book.

Definite article

le, la and les mean something specific or something in general. They stay in a negative sentence.

Je n'aime pas le fromage.

I don't like cheese.

Nous n'aimons pas la bière.

We don't like beer.

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