B1Prepositions

Depuis, pendant, il y a, dans, en

Time expressions with prepositions

Depuis trois ans, pendant trois ans, il y a trois ans - same number, three different stories.

Five expressions, five questions

All five sit in front of a time expression, but they answer different questions. The same number gives a completely different message depending on the word you choose.

Three times trois ans

J'habite ici depuis trois ans.

I've lived here for three years. (still do)

J'ai habité ici pendant trois ans.

I lived here for three years. (no longer)

J'ai déménagé il y a trois ans.

I moved three years ago.

Overview

ExpressionAnswersExample
depuisDepuis quand ? Depuis combien de temps ? (since, for: still true)Je travaille ici depuis 2020.
pendantPendant combien de temps ? (for, during: finished)J'ai travaillé pendant six mois.
il y aIl y a combien de temps ? (ago)Je suis arrivé il y a deux heures.
dansDans combien de temps ? (in, from now)Le film commence dans dix minutes.
enEn combien de temps ? (in, time taken)J'ai fait ça en vingt minutes.

depuis - what is still going on

depuis marks something that started in the past and is still true now. Because it is still true, the verb goes in the présent. After depuis comes either a length of time or a starting point, so it covers both English for and since.

J'habite à Lyon depuis cinq ans.

I've been living in Lyon for five years.

length of time

Elle apprend le français depuis 2019.

She has been learning French since 2019.

starting point

Nous attendons depuis lundi.

We've been waiting since Monday.

starting point

Two cases leave the présent. In negative sentences French usually takes the passé composé, just like English. When you narrate from a point in the past, it takes the imparfait.

Je ne l'ai pas vu depuis un mois.

I haven't seen him for a month.

Il attendait depuis une heure quand le train est arrivé.

He had been waiting for an hour when the train arrived.

Ça fait + length of time + que at the start of the sentence says the same as depuis: Ça fait deux ans que j'apprends le français.

pendant - the finished stretch

pendant says how long something lasted or will last, as a closed block. It works with any tense. Before a bare length of time it can be dropped (J'ai travaillé six mois dans ce café), but before a noun such as les vacances it is required.

J'ai travaillé pendant six mois dans ce café.

I worked in this café for six months.

Pendant les vacances, nous avons visité Rome.

During the holidays we visited Rome.

Il a plu pendant trois jours.

It rained for three days.

il y a - how long ago

il y a + time expression means ago: il y a deux heures = two hours ago. It names a point in the past and usually takes the passé composé. Note the word order: French puts il y a before the time, English puts ago after it. Before a noun, the same il y a means there is / there are: il y a du pain.

Nous sommes arrivés il y a deux heures.

We arrived two hours ago.

Elle m'a appelé il y a cinq minutes.

She called me five minutes ago.

Ils ont déménagé il y a trois ans.

They moved three years ago.

dans and en - start or effort

Both can be translated as in. dans says when something starts. en says how much time it takes. Ask yourself: is it waiting time until the start (dans) or working time during the action (en)?

dans: start, counted from now

Le film commence dans dix minutes.

The film starts in ten minutes.

Je te rappelle dans une heure.

I'll call you back in an hour.

en: time taken

J'ai fait mes devoirs en vingt minutes.

I did my homework in twenty minutes.

On va de Paris à Lyon en deux heures.

You get from Paris to Lyon in two hours.

Practise it in conversation.

In Lingoo you read a short story at your level, practise the new forms and act out the situation in a conversation. The first 7 days are free.

Download on the App Store