B1Verbs

Le plus-que-parfait

The pluperfect

Quand je suis arrivé, il était déjà parti - the step behind the story you are telling.

The past before the past

When you tell a story in the past, something sometimes happened even earlier. The plus-que-parfait marks the action that was already finished when the other one happened: Je suis arrivé à la gare. Le train était déjà parti. (I got to the station. The train had already left.) The passé composé tells events in the order they happened, the plus-que-parfait jumps back before them.

How it is built

parler and partir

Personparler (avoir)partir (être)
je / j'avais parléétais parti(e)
tuavais parléétais parti(e)
il / elle / onavait parléétait parti / partie
nousavions parléétions parti(e)s
vousaviez parléétiez parti(e)(s)
ils / ellesavaient parléétaient partis / parties

Plus-que-parfait with avoir and with être

The choice of auxiliary and the agreement of the participle are the same as in the passé composé: elle était partie, ils étaient rentrés, but il avait mangé. Reflexive verbs take être, and the reflexive pronoun goes before the auxiliary: je m'étais levé(e).

The forms in a sentence

Nous avions réservé une table pour huit heures.

We had booked a table for eight o'clock.

Ils étaient rentrés avant la pluie.

They had gone home before the rain.

Je m'étais levé très tôt ce jour-là.

I had got up very early that day.

When do you need the plus-que-parfait?

Something that happened earlier

The most common use: you are telling a story in the passé composé or imparfait and add an earlier action, often as an explanation. Typical signals are déjà, ne … pas encore and avant.

Le film avait déjà commencé quand nous sommes entrés.

The film had already started when we went in.

Il était fatigué parce qu'il avait mal dormi.

He was tired because he had slept badly.

Je n'avais pas encore mangé, alors j'avais faim.

I hadn't eaten yet, so I was hungry.

A habit with a fixed order

After quand or une fois que, the plus-que-parfait describes what had happened first each time. The main clause is then in the imparfait.

Quand il avait fini son travail, il sortait se promener.

When he had finished work, he would go for a walk.

Une fois qu'elle avait couché les enfants, elle lisait un peu.

Once she had put the children to bed, she would read for a while.

Practise it in conversation.

In Lingoo you read a short story at your level, practise the new forms and act out the situation in a conversation. The first 7 days are free.

Download on the App Store