A1Verbs

Modal Verbs: can, must, want

English modals never change: I can, he can. German modals do: ich kann, du kannst. And the second verb goes to the end.

Modal second, infinitive last

A Modalverb says whether you can, must or want to do something. The action itself stays in the infinitive, and in German it goes to the very end of the sentence, without zu.

Adding a modal to a sentence

Ich schwimme.→Ich kann … schwimmen.

The forms

Modals break the usual pattern in one place: ich and er / sie / es have no ending and are identical. The vowel also changes in the singular, while the plural is regular.

können, müssen, wollen in the Präsens

Personkönnen (can)müssen (must)wollen (want)
ichkannmusswill
dukannstmusstwillst
er / sie / eskannmusswill
wirkönnenmüssenwollen
ihrkönntmüsstwollt
sie / Siekönnenmüssenwollen

What the three mean

können: ability and requests

Being able to do something. Können Sie …? is also the standard polite request.

Ich kann gut schwimmen.

I can swim well.

Können Sie mir bitte helfen?

Could you help me, please?

müssen: necessity

Having to do something. Müssen is much more common than English must and rarely sounds as heavy.

Ich muss jetzt gehen.

I have to go now.

Ihr müsst leise sein.

You have to be quiet.

wollen: intention

A firm wish or plan. It sounds direct, so use it for your own plans rather than for polite requests.

Wir wollen heute Abend kochen.

We want to cook this evening.

Er will etwas essen.

He wants to eat something.

A modal can stand alone

When the action is obvious, German drops the infinitive. English needs a verb here.

Ich kann ein bisschen Deutsch.

I can speak a little German.

Ich muss nach Hause.

I have to go home.

Willst du noch ein Stück?

Do you want another piece?

Practise it in conversation.

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