A1Nouns & Articles

Noun Plurals

English adds an -s. German has five endings and an optional umlaut, but the plural article is always die.

The plural article is always die

English adds -s to almost every noun. In German the noun decides how it forms its plural, so learn it together with its article. One thing is easy: whatever the singular article was, the plural article is always die.

Der Mann wartet. — Die Männer warten.

The man is waiting. — The men are waiting.

Die Frau kommt. — Die Frauen kommen.

The woman is coming. — The women are coming.

Das Kind spielt. — Die Kinder spielen.

The child is playing. — The children are playing.

The five endings

Plural types

EndingSingular → pluralTypical for
-eder Tag → die Tagemany masculine nouns
-e + umlautder Stuhl → die Stühlemany masculine nouns with a, o, u
-n / -endie Blume → die Blumen, die Zeitung → die Zeitungenmost feminine nouns; -in → -innen (die Lehrerin → die Lehrerinnen)
-er (+ umlaut)das Kind → die Kinder, das Buch → die Büchermany neuter nouns
no endingder Lehrer → die Lehrer, das Mädchen → die Mädchennouns ending in -er, -el, -en, -chen
umlaut onlyder Vater → die Väter, der Apfel → die Äpfela few -er and -el nouns
-sdas Auto → die Autos, das Handy → die Handysloanwords and nouns ending in a vowel other than -e

Only a, o, u and au can take an umlaut (ä, ö, ü, äu). A few feminine nouns do too: die Hand → die Hände, die Stadt → die Städte.

Ich bleibe drei Tage in Wien.

I'm staying in Vienna for three days.

Wir brauchen noch zwei Stühle.

We need two more chairs.

Die Blumen sind für dich.

The flowers are for you.

Ich lese gern Bücher.

I like reading books.

Die Lehrer sind heute nicht da.

The teachers aren't here today.

der Lehrer, die Lehrer: the noun does not change

Vor dem Haus stehen zwei Autos.

There are two cars in front of the house.

Plural in English, singular in German

A few words are plural in one language and singular in the other. The verb shows it.

  • die Brille = glasses, one object, one verb form: Meine Brille ist kaputt.

  • die Hose = trousers: Die Hose ist zu klein.

  • die Eltern = parents, plural only: Meine Eltern wohnen in Köln.

  • die Leute = people, plural only: Die Leute hier sind sehr freundlich.

Practise it in conversation.

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