A2Sentence structure

Word Order: Pronouns

With two nouns the person comes first. Replace the words with pronouns and the order changes.

Pronouns come first

With two nouns the order is Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch. Once you replace one or both objects with pronouns, short words move forward and the sentence becomes Ich gebe es ihm.

The same sentence, shrinking

Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch.

I'm giving the man the book.

noun + noun: Dativ first

Ich gebe ihm das Buch.

I'm giving him the book.

pronoun first

Ich gebe es dem Mann.

I'm giving it to the man.

pronoun first

Ich gebe es ihm.

I'm giving it to him.

two pronouns: Akkusativ first

Two pronouns

Say es ihm, es dir, ihn mir as one block right after the verb. The accusative pronoun follows the gender of the noun it replaces: ihn for der-nouns, sie for die-nouns, es for das-nouns. English it does not tell you which.

Ich habe es ihm schon gesagt.

I've already told him.

Können Sie es uns erklären?

Can you explain it to us?

Der Schlüssel? Ich gebe ihn dir später.

The key? I'll give it to you later.

Die Tasche? Ich bringe sie dir mit.

The bag? I'll bring it along for you.

Only personal pronouns (es, ihn, sie) jump to the front. The word das stands behind mir or dir: Kannst du mir das erklären?

Kannst du mir das noch einmal erklären?

Can you explain that to me once more?

Wer hat dir das gesagt?

Who told you that?

In the rest of the sentence

The pronouns stay together right behind the verb. nicht comes after them: Ich gebe es ihm nicht. With a modal verb or in the Perfekt, the pronouns stay in the middle and the second verb stays at the end.

Sie hat es mir nicht gesagt.

She didn't tell me.

Ich habe es ihm gestern gegeben.

I gave it to him yesterday.

Ich möchte es dir kurz erklären.

I'd like to explain it to you briefly.

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