B2Pronouns

Tutto, ogni, ognuno, ciascuno

All, every, each

All, every and each: four Italian words with four different structures.

All, every, each

Every day is ogni giorno or tutti i giorni, all day is tutto il giorno. tutto takes the whole set as one block, ogni takes each item singly. ognuno and ciascuno are the each that stands alone.

tutto: all and everything

tutto agrees with the noun and comes before the definite article. English often has no article (all day, all my friends), but Italian needs one: tutto il giorno, tutti i miei amici. With a demonstrative it works the same way: tutta questa storia.

The fixed order

tutto+article+noun

The four forms

FormExampleEnglish
tuttotutto il giornoall day
tuttatutta la notteall night
tuttitutti i giornievery day
tuttetutte le sereevery evening

The article agrees with the noun as usual.

tutto in front of a noun

Ho dormito tutta la notte con la finestra aperta.

I slept all night with the window open.

Prendo il caffè al bar tutte le mattine.

I have my coffee at the bar every morning.

Tutti i miei colleghi lavorano da casa il venerdì.

All my colleagues work from home on Fridays.

With no noun, tutto is a pronoun: tutto is everything, tutti is everybody. Watch the verb: English everybody is singular, but Italian tutti is plural.

Ho capito tutto, grazie.

I've understood everything, thanks.

Tutti sanno che è stato lui.

Everybody knows it was him.

ogni: every single one

ogni works like English every: one unchanging form, no article, a singular noun and a singular verb. ogni giorni comes from thinking all instead of every.

Nothing in between

ogni+singular noun

ogni in a sentence

Ogni mattina faccio due passi prima di lavorare.

Every morning I take a short walk before work.

Ogni studente ha ricevuto una risposta.

Every student got an answer.

Ti scrivo ogni volta che ci penso.

I write to you every time I think of it.

With a number between ogni and the noun, the plural returns, just as in English every twenty minutes.

Il treno passa ogni venti minuti.

The train comes every twenty minutes.

Ci vediamo ogni due settimane.

We see each other every two weeks.

tutto il giorno or tutti i giorni?

One day whole or many days singly

tutto il giorno: one day, from start to finish

Ieri ho lavorato tutto il giorno.

Yesterday I worked all day.

Ho studiato tutto il pomeriggio.

I studied all afternoon.

tutti i giorni, ogni giorno: many days, again and again

Lavoro tutti i giorni tranne la domenica.

I work every day except Sunday.

Ho studiato tutti i pomeriggi.

I studied every afternoon.

ognuno and ciascuno: each one on its own

ognuno and ciascuno stand alone or with di (each of us). They have no plural, only the feminine ognuna and ciascuna, and the verb is singular. Before a noun, each is ogni. ciascuno is slightly more formal and is often placed after a price: twelve euros each.

Alone or with di

Ognuno fa quello che può.

Everyone does what they can.

Ognuno di noi ha portato qualcosa da mangiare.

Each of us brought something to eat.

Ciascuno è responsabile del proprio bagaglio.

Each person is responsible for their own luggage.

I biglietti costano dodici euro ciascuno.

The tickets cost twelve euros each.

Only ciascuno also appears before a noun in formal texts: ciascun candidato, ciascuna domanda. Recognising it is enough; in everyday Italian you say ogni candidato.

Practise it in conversation.

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