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Eufemismi e tabù

Euphemisms and taboos

A euphemism spares the listener or hides the facts. You decide which one you are doing.

The same thing, said more gently

A eufemismo replaces a harsh word with a softer one. The direct word is not wrong, but in some situations it is out of place: on the phone with someone who is grieving, talking to an elderly neighbour, in a notice to staff.

The same news

Direct

Il padre di Chiara è morto ieri.

Chiara's father died yesterday.

Factual and correct, a little blunt among strangers.

Gentle

Il padre di Chiara è mancato ieri.

Chiara's father passed away yesterday.

The usual choice when talking about a death among people you know.

The classic taboo areas

Euphemisms cluster where things get uncomfortable: death, serious illness, the body, age, disability, money. The table shows which word is usual in which situation.

Direct and gentle

AreaDirectGentleWhere
Deathè mortoè mancato, è venuto a mancare, ci ha lasciati, non c'è piùconversation, condolences, death notices
Canceril cancro, il tumoreun brutto male, una lunga malattiaolder speakers, obituaries
Agevecchioanziano, di una certa età, la terza etàconversation, official texts, advertising
Disabilitycieco, sordonon vedente, non udente, persona con disabilitàofficial texts, media, polite conversation
Toiletil cesso (crude)il bagno, i servizi, la toiletterestaurant, office, signs
Pregnancyè incintaè in dolce attesacongratulations, gossip, slightly playful

In a sentence

Mia nonna ci ha lasciati a marzo, a novantadue anni.

My grandmother left us in March, at ninety-two.

È una signora di una certa età, ma guida ancora.

She's a lady of a certain age, but she still drives.

Scusi, dove sono i servizi?

Excuse me, where are the restrooms?

Euphemisms that hide something

Not every euphemism spares someone. In press releases, circulars and politics many of them make bad news invisible. These you mainly need to see through.

What is meant

PhraseMeaning
riorganizzazione aziendale, ristrutturazionejob cuts
esuberistaff to be made redundant
rimodulazione tariffaria, adeguamento dei prezziprice rise
crescita negativadecline
operatore ecologicorefuse collector, the official job title

From official notices

Il piano di riorganizzazione prevede centoventi esuberi.

The restructuring plan provides for a hundred and twenty redundancies.

Plainly: a hundred and twenty people lose their jobs.

Dal primo marzo è prevista una rimodulazione dell'offerta.

From the first of March the plan will be adjusted.

Plainly: your contract is getting more expensive.

How soft should it be?

Too little euphemism sounds tactless; too much sounds evasive or unintentionally funny. With someone grieving, è mancato is the safe choice. Among colleagues talking openly about being let go, sono stato oggetto di una riorganizzazione sounds stilted: there you say mi hanno licenziato.

Well chosen

Paolo

Ho saputo di tuo padre. Condoglianze, davvero.

I heard about your father. I'm so sorry.

Elena

Grazie. Se n'è andato senza soffrire, almeno.

Thanks. At least he went without suffering.

Paolo

E al lavoro? Ho letto della ristrutturazione.

And at work? I read about the restructuring.

Elena

Eh, mi hanno licenziato. Ma va bene così.

Yeah, they fired me. But it's fine.

About yourself you usually speak directly.

Practise it in conversation.

In Lingoo you read a short story at your level, practise the new forms and act out the situation in a conversation. The first 7 days are free.

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