A2Pronouns

Personal Pronouns: Dative

English has one me for both objects. German has mich and mir, and many of the friendliest phrases in the language are built on the second one.

Two objects, two pronoun sets

Give me the book and help me both use me in English. German uses two different words: mich (accusative) and mir (dative). The dative pronoun stands for the person who receives something or is affected by it.

Same person, two cases

Ich frage ihn.

I'll ask him.

fragen takes the accusative

Ich antworte ihm.

I'll answer him.

antworten takes the dative

The forms

Personal pronouns: Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ

NominativAkkusativDativEnglish
ichmichmir(to) me
dudichdir(to) you
erihnihm(to) him / it
siesieihr(to) her / it
esesihm(to) it
wirunsuns(to) us
ihreucheuch(to) you all
sie (plural)sieihnen(to) them
SieSieIhnen(to) you (formal)

Only mir, dir, ihm, ihr and ihnen are new. uns and euch are the same in both object cases.

ihm is both masculine and neuter. The formal Ihnen is the plural ihnen with a capital letter, just like Sie and sie.

One sentence per person

Gib mir bitte das Salz.

Pass me the salt, please.

Ich schicke dir gleich die Fotos.

I'll send you the photos in a minute.

Erklär ihm bitte den Weg.

Please explain the way to him.

Ich habe ihr schon geschrieben.

I've already written to her.

Können Sie uns helfen?

Can you help us?

Ich zeige euch die Wohnung.

I'll show you the flat.

Wir danken Ihnen für Ihre Geduld.

We thank you for your patience.

Where you use them

With dative verbs

Verbs like helfen, danken, gehören, passen take a dative object, so the pronoun is mir, dir, ihm …

Ich danke dir sehr.

I thank you very much.

Gehört die Tasche dir?

Is this bag yours?

Ich glaube dir.

I believe you.

Giving, showing, telling

With geben, zeigen, schicken, sagen the person who receives something is dative. There is no word for to.

Sag mir Bescheid, ja?

Let me know, okay?

Zeigst du uns die Stadt?

Will you show us the city?

How things go, how you feel

In many everyday phrases the person is in the dative, where English has a subject: I like it is Das gefällt mir (it pleases me). For feelings like kalt, warm, schlecht German says Mir ist kalt, not Ich bin kalt, which would describe your character.

Wie geht es dir?

How are you?

formal: Wie geht es Ihnen?

Die Musik gefällt mir nicht.

I don't like this music.

Es tut mir leid.

I'm sorry.

Ist dir kalt?

Are you cold?

Schmeckt es euch?

Do you like it? (the food)

Practise it in conversation.

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