B1Verbs

Imperativo negativo

Negative Imperative

English adds “don't” and leaves the verb alone. Spanish changes the verb form itself.

“Don't” changes the verb in Spanish

In English, Speak! becomes Don't speak!: the verb stays the same. In Spanish it changes for tú and vosotros: ¡Habla! becomes ¡No hables!. Adding no alone is not enough, because the verb takes its present subjunctive form.

From command to prohibition

¡No hables tan alto!

Don't talk so loudly!

¡No vengas tarde!

Don't come late!

¡No abras la puerta!

Don't open the door!

Building the form

Take the yo form of the present, drop the -o and add the ending with the opposite vowel: -ar verbs take -e, -er and -ir verbs take -a.

hablar → ¡No hables!

hablo→habl+es=no hables

Positive and negative

Personhablar: positivehablar: negativecomer: negative
tú¡Habla!¡No hables!¡No comas!
usted¡Hable!¡No hable!¡No coma!
nosotros/as¡Hablemos!¡No hablemos!¡No comamos!
vosotros/as¡Hablad!¡No habléis!¡No comáis!
ustedes¡Hablen!¡No hablen!¡No coman!

comer and vivir form the negative the same way.

Only tú and vosotros change form between positive and negative. For usted, nosotros and ustedes the positive command is already the subjunctive, so only the no is added. With vosotros the ending carries an accent: no habléis, no comáis. English let's not is simply the nosotros form: no hablemos.

Different people in sentences

¡No comas tan rápido!

Don't eat so fast!

¡No miréis el móvil!

Don't look at your phones!

No hablemos de eso ahora.

Let's not talk about that now.

Irregular verbs

The irregular subjunctive forms also apply to prohibitions. The most important are the eight verbs whose positive tú command is irregular. For the first six, the stem comes from the yo form (hago → no hagas). ir and ser have their own subjunctive stem: no vayas, no seas.

The eight irregular tú commands as prohibitions

InfinitivePositiveNegative
hacer¡Haz!¡No hagas!
decir¡Di!¡No digas!
poner¡Pon!¡No pongas!
salir¡Sal!¡No salgas!
tener¡Ten!¡No tengas!
venir¡Ven!¡No vengas!
ir¡Ve!¡No vayas!
ser¡Sé!¡No seas!

Irregular verbs in sentences

¡No digas eso!

Don't say that!

¡No vayas solo!

Don't go alone!

¡No seas impaciente!

Don't be impatient!

Where the pronouns go

In a positive command, reflexive and object pronouns attach to the verb (¡Hazlo!). In a negative command they stand before the verb, between no and the verb: not ¡No hazlo!, but ¡No lo hagas!.

¡No te preocupes!

Don't worry!

¡No te olvides de llamar!

Don't forget to call!

¡No me lo digas!

Don't tell me!

Practise it in conversation.

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