B1Sentence structure

Unreal Conditionals

*If I had time, I would come.* English marks the unreal with *would* in one half. German marks both halves.

Both halves are unreal

A real condition stays in the normal present tense. An unreal one, which is untrue, unlikely or just imagined, puts both the wenn-clause and the main clause into the Konjunktiv II. English only puts would in the main clause and uses a plain past in the if-clause. That is why English speakers forget the second Konjunktiv.

Real, then unreal

Wenn ich Zeit habe, komme ich mit.

If I have time, I'll come along.

Real: it might happen.

Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich mitkommen.

If I had time, I'd come along.

Unreal: I don't have time.

Which form goes where

Use the one-word form of sein, haben and the modal verbs, in both halves. For other verbs, the main clause takes würde plus the infinitive.

Filling the two halves

Verbwenn-clauseMain clause
seinwenn ich reich wärewäre ich glücklich
habenwenn ich Geld hättehätte ich ein Auto
modal verbswenn ich könntekönnte ich helfen
other verbswenn ich mehr verdienen würdewürde ich umziehen

In the wenn-clause, würde goes to the end, behind the infinitive. Two würde in one sentence are fine in speech. Many speakers avoid them with a short form such as wüsste or käme.

Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich öfter kochen.

If I had more time, I'd cook more often.

Wenn ich reich wäre, würde ich ein Haus am Meer kaufen.

If I were rich, I'd buy a house by the sea.

Wenn ich besser Deutsch könnte, hätte ich den Job.

If my German were better, I'd have the job.

Wenn ich mehr verdienen würde, würde ich umziehen.

If I earned more, I'd move house.

Which clause comes first

If the wenn-clause comes first, the main clause begins with its verb: …, würde ich mitkommen. If the main clause comes first, the word order is normal: Ich würde mitkommen, wenn …. In both orders you need a comma between the clauses.

Wenn wir mehr Zeit hätten, würden wir länger bleiben.

If we had more time, we'd stay longer.

wenn-clause first: the verb comes right after the comma.

Wir würden länger bleiben, wenn wir mehr Zeit hätten.

We'd stay longer if we had more time.

Main clause first: normal word order.

Practise it in conversation.

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