A2Verbs

Imperative: du, ihr, Sie

English has one bare verb for every command. German asks first who you are talking to, and then hands you three different forms.

Three commands where English has one

Come in! works for a friend, for a class and for a stranger. German picks the form by how you would address the person: du, ihr (several people you call du) or Sie.

The same command, three ways

Komm bitte herein!

Come in, please!

to a friend

Kommt bitte herein!

Come in, please!

to several friends

Kommen Sie bitte herein!

Come in, please!

to a stranger or a client

The three forms

VerbduihrSie
kommenKomm!Kommt!Kommen Sie!
wartenWarte!Wartet!Warten Sie!
nehmenNimm!Nehmt!Nehmen Sie!
fahrenFahr!Fahrt!Fahren Sie!
seinSei!Seid!Seien Sie!

ihr is the plain ihr-form, Sie is the infinitive plus Sie.

sein is irregular: Sei! Seid! Seien Sie!

Details of the du form

Verbs that change e to i or ie in the du-form keep that vowel: du nimmst → Nimm!, du gibst → Gib!, du sprichst → Sprich!, du liest → Lies! Verbs with an umlaut in the du-form lose it again: du fährst → Fahr!, du schläfst → Schlaf!

Usually the du imperative has no -e: Komm!, Geh! After stems in -t or -d, after consonant + -n and after -ig it keeps the -e: Warte!, Öffne!, Entschuldige!

Nimm noch ein Stück!

Have another piece!

Fahr bitte langsamer!

Please drive more slowly!

Warte kurz!

Wait a moment!

Sprich bitte lauter!

Please speak up!

Sei bitte leise!

Please be quiet!

Separable verbs and wir

A separable verb splits, as in any main clause: the prefix goes to the end of the command.

Ruf mich heute Abend an!

Call me this evening!

Steht bitte auf!

Please stand up!

Machen Sie bitte das Fenster auf.

Please open the window.

For let's … German uses the Sie pattern with wir: verb first, then wir.

Gehen wir!

Let's go!

Fangen wir jetzt an.

Let's start now.

Softening a command

A bare imperative sounds sharper in German than in English. Small words make it friendlier: bitte (please), mal (just, for a moment) and doch (go on, why not).

Warten Sie bitte einen Moment.

Please wait a moment.

Komm mal her.

Come here for a second.

Setz dich doch!

Do sit down!

To forbid something, put nicht after the verb and its objects: Vergiss deinen Schlüssel nicht! For a favour from someone you do not know, a question with a modal is more polite than a command: Können Sie mir bitte helfen?

Practise it in conversation.

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