A2Verbs

Perfect Tense: Irregular Verbs

English speakers already know this: go, went, gone. German calls these verbs strong: their participle ends in -en and the vowel often changes.

Strong verbs: ge- + stem + -en

English has eat, ate, eaten and write, wrote, written, and German has the same kind of verb: starke Verben (strong verbs). You have to learn their participles, one verb at a time. The frame around them is the same as before: haben (or sein) in second position, the participle at the end.

Ich habe einen Kaffee getrunken.

I had a coffee.

Wir haben schon gegessen.

We've already eaten.

Hast du ihm geschrieben?

Did you write to him?

The most important strong verbs

Many strong verbs fall into groups with the same vowel change, which makes them easier to remember. The table also shows the auxiliary: most take haben, but verbs of movement and change, and sein itself, take sein. Learn it together with the participle: ist gegangen.

Strong verbs by vowel pattern

PatternInfinitivePerfekt (er / sie / es)English
i → utrinkenhat getrunkento drink
i → ufindenhat gefundento find
ei → ieschreibenhat geschriebento write
ei → iebleibenist gebliebento stay
e → osprechenhat gesprochento speak
e → onehmenhat genommento take
e → ohelfenhat geholfento help
e → otreffenhat getroffento meet
same vowelsehenhat gesehento see
same vowellesenhat gelesento read
same vowelgebenhat gegebento give
same vowelessenhat gegessento eat
same vowelschlafenhat geschlafento sleep
same vowelkommenist gekommento come
same vowelfahrenist gefahrento drive, to travel
e → agehenist gegangento go
e → astehenhat gestandento stand
u → atunhat getanto do
irregularseinist gewesento be

The vowel that matters is highlighted.

Ich habe mit dem Chef gesprochen.

I spoke to the boss.

Sie hat den Zug genommen.

She took the train.

Habt ihr den Film gesehen?

Have you seen the film?

Er hat mir geholfen.

He helped me.

Wir sind nach Hause gegangen.

We went home.

Wie lange bist du in Köln geblieben?

How long did you stay in Cologne?

Mixed verbs: new vowel, but -t

A few common verbs change their vowel like strong verbs but take the regular ending -t. English has the same thing in bring — brought and think — thought.

InfinitivePartizip IIEnglish
bringengebrachtto bring
denkengedachtto think
kennengekanntto know (a person or place)
wissengewusstto know (a fact)

Ich habe dir Kuchen gebracht.

I brought you cake.

Das habe ich auch gedacht.

I thought so too.

Das habe ich nicht gewusst.

I didn't know that.

Strong verbs with prefixes

The prefix rules from regular verbs apply here too. With a stressed (separable) prefix, the ge- goes inside: mitgenommen. With an unstressed prefix there is no ge-, so the participle can look like the infinitive: bekommen — bekommen.

InfinitivePartizip IIEnglish
anfangenangefangento begin
mitnehmenmitgenommento take along
aufstehenaufgestandento get up
verstehenverstandento understand
bekommenbekommento receive, to get
vergessenvergessento forget

Ich habe die Frage nicht verstanden.

I didn't understand the question.

Hast du meine Nachricht bekommen?

Did you get my message?

Er hat einen Schirm mitgenommen.

He took an umbrella with him.

Practise it in conversation.

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